Military Industrial Complex During The Farewell Speech

II. Conspiracies i. Military-industrial complex In the farewell speech given by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower when he left office, he warned the nation about the power of the military establishment and the arms industry. In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists, and will persist. Some conspiracy theorists have argued that Kennedy planned to end the involvement of the United States in Vietnam, and was therefore targeted by those who had an interest in sustained military conflict, including the Pentagon and defense contractors. Former Texas Senator Ralph Yarborough in 1991 stated: Had Kennedy lived, I think we would have had no Vietnam War, with all of its traumatic and divisive influences in America. I think we would have escaped that. According to author James Douglass, Kennedy was assassinated because he was turning away from the Cold War and seeking a negotiated peace with the Soviet Union. Douglass argued that this was not the kind of leadership the CIA, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the military-industrial complex wanted in the White House. Oliver Stone s film, JFK, explored the possibility that Kennedy was killed by a conspiracy involving the military-industrial complex. L. Fletcher Prouty, Chief of Special Operations for the Joint Chiefs of Staff under Kennedy, and theShow MoreRelatedWhy We Fight Directed By Eugene Jarecki Is Not A Sequel Or War Propaganda886 Words   |  4 Pagespropaganda. The film informs the audience and questions America s military industrial complex that has since dictated policy since the victory of World War 2. With the help of narration, soundbites, and credible speakers Jarecki shines light on the pernicious impact of the armed industry on our government, army, and citizens. 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Even worse, no one is able to contact that plane other than General Ripper, causing the U.S. President and his military advisors to evaluate what their next move should be. The film is a parody based on the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, but explores some of the consequences that human civilization could have potentially faced if certain orders hadRead MoreDr. Strangelove And The Cold War1954 Words   |  8 Pagesholds. In Dr. Strangelove, General Jack D. Ripper goes insane and impulsively orders a fighter plane to drop nuclear warheads on Russia. Even worse, no one is able to contact that plane other than General Ripper, causing the U.S. President and his military advisors to evaluate what their next move should be. The film is a comedic parody based on the actual Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, but explores some of the consequences that human civilization could have potentially faced if certain

Community Colleges And Large Universities - 876 Words

Community colleges and large universities have a differentiation. A community college is a two-year school which provides affordable postsecondary education as a pathway to a four-year degree. A large university is an institution of higher education and research which grants academic degrees within a variety of different subjects. Many community colleges have a higher rate of graduation rates than universities. Community Colleges have some similarities but they also differ a number as well. Community Colleges and Large universities differ by : cost,class size, and degree types. Community colleges and large universities differ by cost. Community colleges are known to save tons on tuition. Community Colleges’ , tuition and fees are much lower than those at large universities. Enrolling into a community college, it enables you to achieve the same level of academic success at a fraction of the cost. When purchasing meal plans, dormitory, books, and etc. , you have the opportunity to save thousands of dollars. At four-year public institutions, the average list price for tuition and fees has risen 114 percent, to $9,410 in inflation-adjusted dollars, over the past 20 years.(Farish). If you were to enroll in a large university, then averagely you would be paying the rough estimate cost of $21,000 This price can either be estimated with or without the extra necessities. This includes, transportation as well as the things listed above. Researched on an online article, JonShow MoreRelatedHigh Education System : The United States1411 Words   |  6 Pagesset o f institutions- including public and private community colleges, liberal arts colleges, comprehensive universities, and world-renowned research universities. Every year, college students throughout the nation fall victim to theft, stalking, all forms of sexual assault, homicide, and other crimes. 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Is Divorce Bad for Children Free Essays

Jasmine Grayson October 7, 2010 American Literature Is Divorce Always Bad For Children? To some, divorce may be a terrible thing for a child to have to endure. In some scenarios it is just better if the parents are separated. There is no better way to approach this subject than to talk from personal experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Divorce Bad for Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’ll explain how it feels to be a child in the middle of a divorce. My mother and father were together for seventeen years and they just recently decided to get a divorce. Under the circumstances I don’t feel bad they there are now separated.Growing up the only thoughts I had of my dad were either him being abusive or of him yelling. Another memory of my dad is the fact he cheated on my mom multiple times not making him seem any better. Due to the fact my father struggled with his health my mother forgave him for it all. To begin, as stated by PBS, when children are in an abusive home they are more susceptible to either being abusive or being abused and feeling that there is no way out. If the parents in an abusive relationship separate then the child(ren) are given a site of love.They are able to see how a family is supposed to react and communicate. They are able to see what real love looks and feels like. If parents in an abusive relation stay together their children will only know violence. They will only know sadness and when it’s time for them to marry they’ll divorce because they’ll think that’s how it’s supposed to go. Consider this, a child has one parent that understands and the other is strict. The child naturally gravitates to the understanding parent because they know the understanding parent is more responsive.When you have a strict parent who doesn’t understand, it usually leads to a child divorcing the parent before the spouse will. When a child divorces its parent the child doesn’t listen or respect their parent. In my case the divorce wasn’t bad at all. Growing up my mother basically did everything for me. Since me and my father never really talked we never had a strong relationship. When my parents decided to get divorce it was paradise for me. Living with my father is like walking on pins and needles barefoot. My dad only yelled and told me and my brother what to do.If you didn’t do something the exact way he wanted it then you had to re-do it all. Dealing with him was like biting into a plastic bottle because you knew he would never break. I was a ticking bomb waiting to explode and one day I did. One night I’d been so fed up I let out all my anger I’d bottled up for the past fifteen years. It felt like I’d exhaled a breath and my chest wasn’t clouded anymore. A few weeks after the argument my mom announced the news of the divorce. Ever since my dad moved out, I’ve been happier than ever.Now I don’t have to worry about coming to home to someone yelling. Had my parents stayed together I don’t think I would’ve started back doing the things I like; singing, dancing, and playing the piano. If parents continue to stay together for the sack of their kids they’ll make themselves unhappy. Some parents will be shocked to realize that their child wanted the divorce longer than they did. While the other parents will face their children who want them to stay together. It all depends on the children and what they’ve been through. How to cite Is Divorce Bad for Children, Papers

Internetworking with TCP/IP Free Assignment Sample

Questions: Task 1 Explain with the aid of diagrams the TCP/IP Protocol Architecture. Discuss the function of the protocols within each layer. Evaluate the application of TCP/IP to internet based applications. Task 2 Explain the principles of IP addressing based on IPv4 and discuss the key practical issues in implementing IP addressing within public and private networks. With the aid of a network diagram explain how IP addresses are assigned to a network. With the help of a network monitoring tool (Wireshark), analyses the IP traffic.(provide evidence i.e. screenshots) Task 3 A local business TCS Ltd. is considering implementing IPv6 Protocol throughout the organization. Present a report for the Operational Director highlighting and discussing the key issues in migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 addressing. The report should: Discuss the benefits and drawbacks in such migration Explain and evaluate the alternative transition mechanisms Analyze and evaluate the improvement in quality of service (QoS) and security Task 4 TCS Ltd. is also considering the provisioning of voice over IP (VoIP) and mobile IP (MIP) for its employees. It is anticipated this will both reduce operational costs and increase network efficiency. Make a business case for such implementation. The Business Case should; Explain the underlying concepts of VoIP and MIP Analyze and evaluate mobile IP networks, particularly examining routing and security issues Analyze and evaluate the VoIP and MIP in the Enterprise networks. Answers: Task 1 TCP/IP architecture model was initially designed as DARPA model by the US government agency by that name. There were four layers in the DARPA model. Those were, application layer, transport layer, Internet layer and network interface layer. Each of those layer used to correspond to one or more layers in the OSI model with seven layers. In the TCP/IP protocol architecture, there are four layers or sets of protocols, similar to the DARPA model. TCP/IP protocol architecture works as protocol stack. Each layer of TCP/IP protocol stack, has its own set of functionalities and provides a set of services to the next layer. The descriptions of these layers are, (Blank, TCP/IP Foundations, 2006) Network Interface layer Network interface layer or network access layer is the lowest layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack. It places TCP/IP packets on the network and receives the same from the network. TCP/IP protocol stack is independent of different network access methods, medium, frame formats etc. Thus it supports different types of networks, different types of LAN technologies like token ring, Ethernet etc., different types of WAN technologies like frame relay, X.25 etc. This layer is independent from different network technologies. It gives the TCP/IP protocol stack the ability to adapt any new networking technology, for example, ATM or Asynchronous Transfers Mode networks. (Blank, TCP/IP JumpStart, 2006) Internet Layer Internet layer sits on the top of network interface layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack. Internet layer is responsible for packaging, addressing and routing of packets. There are some core protocols in this later. These protocols are important for internetworking. The protocols are IP or Internet Protocol, ARP or Address Resolution Protocol, ICMP or Internet Control Message Protocol, IGMP or Internet group management protocol. Each of these protocols performs different types of responsibilities and collectively all these are the responsibilities of internet layer. (Comer, 2006) Internet protocol is responsible for routing packets. Thus functions like routing, IP addressing, packet fragmentation and reassembly are provided by this layer. Address resolution protocol provides services like IP to MAC address translation etc. The main function is to provide address resolution services to the network layer. Internet control message protocol provides different types of diagnosis and error handling services that may occur from erroneous packet delivery. Internet group management protocol manages groups of IP multi-casting. Transport Layer Transport layer provided host to host service on the top of internet layer. It consumes services from the internet layer and provide service to the application layer that is on the top of it. Mainly it provides services related to transmission of data packets successfully over the internet. There are two protocols in this layer. Those are TCP or Transmission Control Protocol and UDP or User Datagram Protocol. (Alani, 2014) Transmission Control Protocol is responsible for providing a connection- oriented, one to one and reliable communication service. It arranges the sequences of packets, acknowledges the packet transmissions, and provides recovery of packets lost during transmission. On the other hand, user datagram protocol is a connectionless, one to many (may be one to one), unreliable service for communication over the internet. Generally, UDP is used to transfer smaller amount of data or data where security or data loss is not a big issue. TCP provides secure and better service than UDP, but there is some additional overhead of TCP services, when some application does not want to have these overhead and still want to have a data transmission, then it selects UDP instead of TCP. (Blank, TCP/IP JumpStart, 2006) Application Layer Application layer is the topmost layer on the TCP/IP protocol stack. It directly interacts with the applications on a computer or system. It provides abilities to the applications to consume services from other layers of the TCP/IP protocol stack. Application layer has a bunch of protocol and new protocols evolve frequently. (Reynders Wright, 2003) Some of the widely used application layer protocols and the services provided by those protocols are, HTTP or HyperText Transfer Protocol, has the responsibility of exchanging user information through developing web pages for World Wide Web. FTP or File Transfer Protocol is responsible for transferring file between two hosts. SMTP or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is responsible for transferring mails and attachments. Telnet is responsible for emulation or terminal. It let a user log in to some remote network host. DNS or Domain name service helps in resolving the IP address and host names. RIP or Routing Information Protocol helps in routing and exchanging routing information across an IP network SNMP or Simple Network Management Protocol helps in managing different networking devices and manages the same. It helps in collecting and exchanging management information for devices like bridges, routers, intelligent hubs etc. Some examples of application layer interfaces for TCP/ IP protocol stacks may be NetBIOS, Windows Sockets etc. In Windows operating system environment, Windows Socket helps in having a standard API. NetBIOS helps in managing sessions, name resolutions, datagram related protocol services. The illustration of TCP/ IP protocol stacks along will different sets of protocols for each of the layers, has been given as, There are different types of networks used for different organizations, the networks differ in structures, services, interfaces, technologies. Connecting all these networks to have an interconnected network or Internet required some uniformity and platform independent protocols. OSI model was built to abstract the diverse nature of the network. OSI model provides enough abstractions to hide the complexities of networking and internetworking and gives enough scope to the programmer to build specific programs to each layer. Then programs from different layers of OSI model then work with one another. There were several flaws in OSI model. There were no details about the protocols or how to implement the functions of each layer. On the contrary, TCP/IP model gives details about the protocols from each layer. A programmer can implement those protocols from different layers and the job is done. (Held, 2002) OSI model has total 7 layers. Those layers are categorized into two category of layers as given in the following picture. The layers in the OSI model as, Application layer. Presentation layer, Session layer. Transport layer, Network layer, Data Link layer, Physical layer. First three layers belong to the application layer category and rest of the layers belong to the data flow category. On the other hand, there are four layers on the TCP/IP model. Those are application layer, transport layer, internet layer, and network access interface layer. These four layers covers the seven layers of OSI mode. The layers on the TCP/IP model are again divided into two categories. Application and transport layers are categorized as protocols layers and rest two belongs to networks layers. The comparison between OSI model and TCP/IP model are summarized as,(Alani, 2014) Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model TCP /IP Model This is more focused on architectural aspects of a network model and provides an idealistic view. It is more focused on the implementation aspects and provides some realistic view. OSI model is developed by a horizontal approach. It is developed based on a horizontal approach. The basic assertion behind the OSI model is that operation of distributed applications is laid upon a strict hierarchy of layers and standardisation. The basic assertion of TCP/IP model is that any application is composed of a set of functions over an end to end distributed communication service. There is a pool of application service elements or ASEs a distributed application selects an element from such pool and performs functions that is specific to the end to end service. Abstraction is the fundamental characteristic here. Every application assumes that services from lower layer will be available at any point of time. The session layer controls the sessions, presentation layer controls the representation of data etc. and the application layer communicated with the application on the host system. In OSI model, all these are different layers. Some examples of functions of OSI application layer are, VT, FTAM ,MHS, CMIP, DS etc. In the TCP/IP model, application, session and transport layers of the OSI model have been clubbed into application layer of TCP/IP model. Some example of protocols from application layer of TCP/IP model are, FTP. HTTP, DNS. Telnet etc. (Alani, 2014) The transport layer of OSI is responsible to deliver information from source system to destination system. The transport layer communicates from source to destination, performs flow control, error checking etc. The network layer provides connection oriented and connectionless services. The internet layer on the TCP/IP provides only connectionless service. Data link layer prepares the streaming of data, handles flow control, error control. Whereas data is transmitted through the physical media as a raw bit stream. The later part is handled by physical layer. Here data transmission is handled by network access layer only. Services provided by data link and physical layers in the OSI model are provided by the network access layer in the TCP/IP model. While implementation of the OSI model, the emphasis is on reliability of data transfer. The reliability is handled as an individual cases of end to end delivery. Detection and handling of errors is performed in each layer using checksums. Detection and handling of errors is done by the transport layer only. OSI model is most of the time a theory based description of an ideal network model, whereas TCP/IP model is a model that is being used in practice for long time. Task 2 IPv4 or Internet Protocol version 4 is a widespread and currently used internet addressing scheme. A network connects different types of devices as hosts. An internet is an interconnection of different types of networks across the globe. It is necessary to uniquely address each of the host connected to the internet. For that purpose internet address or IP addresses are used. There are different schemes of IP addressing. IPv4 is a 32 bit IP addressing scheme. With 32 bits, possibly there will be 232 unique IP addresses. IPv4 addressing uses a class-full addressing. Implementation of IP addresses in private and public networks has some challenges. One is, there is scarcity of addresses that can serve need of the networks and devices. Thus, there are two types of addressing used in private and public network. The addressing scheme used within a private network is not visible from the public network. Masquerading, NAT etc. are used to implement it. However, it increases overhead on routers. (Comer, 2006) On the other hand, there are two types of IP addresses, static and dynamic. ISPs use a pool of available IP addresses, when some client logs on to their network and request some IP address, then the ISP allocates one IP address from the address pool. The IP address is valid for that client for that session only. When the client logs off, the address will be de-allocated and will go back to the address pool. This scheme is known as dynamic IP address. Where the IP address is not tied to some device. The same client may get different IP address when it logs in again. And the same IP address may be allocated to other client next time. On the other hand, there are other types of IP addresses that are tied to a particular device. These are called static IP addresses. (Held, 2002) NAT or Network Address Translation is used to bridge the gap between private and public network. A NAT table is kept on the router. There may be at least two attribute for each entry of the NAT table, the IP addresses of a device in the private network and the IP address of the destination of the packet. The router checks the NAT table, replaces the source address as the public address of the network and forwards the packet to the destination. When it receives some packet from the Internet or other network, then it checks the NAT table again and forwards the packet to the destination. For public networks, there is no existence of the private network, they communicate with the public IP address of the network. There are RIR or Regional Internet Registry that are organizations for handling registration and allocation of IP addresses in different parts of the world. There are 5 RIRs currently for different regions of the world. Following picture illustrates the RIRs and operating domains. Each of the RIR has 16 millions of IP addresses to allocate. In IPv4 scheme, the whole address space is divided into 5 categories those are, Class Address Range of first Octet Network and Host octets Class A 1 to 126 N.H.H.H Class B 128 to 191 N.N.H.H Class C 192 to 223 N.N.N.H. Class D NA Reserved for Multi casting Class E NA Reserved for Research and Future use. There are several disadvantages of IPv4 addressing scheme. The blocks dont have equal number of networks or hosts. For example, there is huge numer of hosts possible for a Class A IP address but in reality no class A IP address contains that many hosts. On the other hand very few hosts are possible for a Class C IP address. So, there is a mismatch between the requirement and availability. Here comes the major disadvantage of IPv4 addressing schemes. There are unused IP addresses but those cant be allocated. The available IP addresses are depleting and has failed to cater the requirement of growth of internet. (Reynders Wright, 2003) As a result IPv6 has been developed. Task 3: Report Introduction The aim of this report is to discuss and highlight the key issues in implementation of IPv6 protocol for the organization TCS Ltd. In the rest of the parts of the report the discussion will focus on different aspects of implementing IPv6 in the organization, the benefits and drawback of the implementation, explanation and evaluation of other alternative transition mechanisms, analysis and evaluation of possible improvement in QoS or Quality of Service and security. IPv6 IPv6 or Internet Protocol version 6 is the latest and updated version of the communication protocol IP in the TCP/IP model. It helps in identification and location of a host system in the internet uniquely and routing traffic from source to destination on the Internet. IPv6 has been developed by IETF or Internet Engineering Task Force. One of the major issue with IPv4 is rapid depletion of the available IP addresses and poor distribution of the same. To deal with this problem IPv6 has come into the picture. It is slowly replacing IPv4. IPv6 is a 128 bit addressing protocol and holds almost 2128 unique addresses into its address space. IPv6 is not interoperable with IPv4. Thus one is needed to be replace by other. There are various transition mechanisms from going to IPv6 from IPv4. (Hagen, 2014) A 128 bits IPv6 address is broken down into 8 groups of four hexadecimal digits in each group. Each of the group is separated by a colon. There are compression methods available to shrink or expand representation of an address. Benefits and Drawbacks of Implementation of IPv6 One of the major benefits of IPv6 is the larger address space and classless distribution of addresses. The address allocation methods of IPv6 facilitates route aggregation and limits extensions of routing table. It support multicasting in a simpler and extended way. There are several optimizations for delivery of services. It enhances mobility, configuration and security of the devices. So, other benefits of IPv6 for an organization are, (Johnson, Perkins, Arkko, 2004) It provides better and more effective routing. The routing tables are reduced in sizes. A hierarchical approach in management of routing table can be taken. The ISPs can aggregate their networks into a single prefix. Fragmentation is done by the source in the IPv6 network, the routers are not responsible for it. Thus overall overhead from routing is reduced and routing has become more efficient. Processing of packets in IPv6 networks is better and simpler. Thus more efficient. There is no calculation of packet level checksum and no calculation of checksum at every hop. The link layer protocols and technologies handles this part. Ipv6 supports multicasting. It allows packet flows that are bandwidth intensive, to more than one destination at the same time. Thus the network bandwidth is saved. The hosts that are not bound to process broadcast packets. There is a additional data field in the IPv6 header, called Flow Label. This data field helps in identifying data packets belonging to the same data flow. Configuration of a network for the organization will be automated if it is built on Ipv6. The prefix of all local links to a router will be advertised. A host will be able to generate its own IP address. The MAC address of the host will be appended to the prefix sent by the router. Then it will be converted into some 64 bit EUI or Extended Universal Identifier format. The prefix is another 64 bit, thus the whole address will be 128 bit. There is no need to use NAT or Network Address Translation anymore. At the IP layer, the end to end connectivity will be provides. New services can be added. The peer to peer networks are easily manageable. VoIP, QoS etc. will be more effective. Security is another issue in any type of networks. IPv6 supports IPSec and provides CIA principles of confidentiality, integrity and authentication. ICMP packets for IPv6 are backed up with more security implementations of IPSec and the risks of malware attacks through these packets has been reduced. Apart from the benefits there are few drawbacks of IPv6. Those are, Still IPv6 is not widely accepted and those are not interoperable with IPv4. There is lack of smooth transition schemes to transit from IPv4 to IPv6. Alternative Transition mechanisms Some alternative transition mechanisms to transit to IPv6 from IPv4 are, Host to host Encapsulation In this method, the encapsulation is done at the source and the destination encapsulates it. A private IPv4 network without any information about the IPv6 protocol, is used to transfer the datagrams from the source to the destination. In the following picture, the illustration has been shown, including two hosts with dual IPv4 and IPv6 stacks. These stacks are used for encapsulations. IPv6 datagrams are sent as IPv4 packets. On the destination end, the hosts are updated to IPv6 protocol and will be able to de-capsulate the packets. (John J. Amoss, 2007) This transition mechanism does not require to change the existing IPv4 network, rather it use encapsulation to transit to the IPv6 network. Tunneling from router to router In this mechanism, a tunneling method connecting routers of the organization will be used along with the encapsulation schemes. On the originating host, the edge router will be placed. Another edge router on the destination host will be responsible for the de-capsulation. (Raicu Zeadally, 2003) There will be a tunnel between the edge routers at two ends. Again there will be two protocol stacks of IPv4/ IPv6 at two ends. These stacks will be supported by the hosts at both ends. Again, the source will encapsulate the packets, that will flow through the tunnel and the destination will de-capsulate the packets. Following picture illustrates the idea. The dual stacks at the both ends are needed to be supported by the edge routers. QoS and Security IPv6 provides better QoS and Security compared to the same in IPv4. IPv6 protocol helps in identifying payload that are time sensitive or not. A network can have two types of these packets. It helps in reducing the time in retransmission. IPv6 helps in setting priorities for data transmissions that provide low latency. Applications can select from the priority list as per requirement. A source of significant delay in packet transmission is fragmentation of packets. In IPv6 fragmentation is handled in different way. There is a negotiation between the source and the destination devices about the maximum size of the payload and other parameters are adjusted accordingly. It reduces latency and fragmentation significantly thus helps in better utilization of the network resources. There is QoS implementations on each of the networking device. On the other hand, security of IPv6 protocol is more stringent than the same in the IPv4 protocol. IPSec is an important part of the security mechanisms in IPv6. End to end security is ensured in IPv6. (Li, Jinmei, Shima, 2010) Conclusion In this report IPv6 and different aspects of IPv6 implementation have been discussed. There is a brief description of IPv6 along with discussion on benefits and drawbacks of IPv6, transition mechanisms, QoS and security etc. have been also discussed. Task 4: Report Introduction The aim of this report is to provide information of VoIP and MIP as requested by the TCS Ltd. The organization wants to implement these protocols and technologies for their employees. The organization wants to focus on the reduction of operational cost and modifying efficiency of network. VoIP or Voice over Internet Protocol VoIP or Voice over IP is a technology that helps a group of people to deliver voice and multimedia based communication over IP based networks like Internet. It is also called IP telephony. It supports services like voice communication, SMS, fax etc. over the Internet unlike traditional telephony system, it does not use circuit switching. Rather internet telephony or VoIP uses packet switching networks and packetization of data. An example of VoIP is Skype. (Porter, 2006) There are underlying technologies like session control, signaling control, setting up the call, tearing down the call etc. There are special medial delivery protocols to encode audio, video etc. as digital and streaming data. VoIP can be used by computers, laptops, smart phones etc. SMS service is available over WiFi or 3G connections. (Goode, 2002) Quality of Service or QoS of VoIP has several issues. VoIP is implemented over the Ip networks. IP networks are best effort networks and there may be loss of data, untimely deliver, latency related problem etc. VoIP will use time sensitive communication data. There is no provision of identifying and handling time sensitive data. Network traffic is handled by a first come first serve basis. There is no way to control fixed delays etc. The end points of a VoIP communication path may have to wait for the completion of the transmission of packets from one end to other, then one end will be able to send more data. Security is another consideration of VoIP. There are risks of DoS attacks, stealing of information, eavesdropping etc. There are other technical consideration related to security. For example, VoIP traffic also passes through the firewalls, NATs etc. so, there are chances that communication may get blocked. Encryption is always not supported by VoIP. (Wallingford, 2005) Some of the security measurements and protocols available for the VoIP are, SRTP or Secure Real time Transport Protocol. Also there are implementation of IPSec for the point to point communications. Mobile Internet Protocol MIP or Mobile IP is based on the idea of mobile computing and mobility of devices in a network. It helps a mobile device to keep its IP address same while moving around networks. A mobile node is allowed to have two types of address a care of address and a home address. The care of address changes whenever it moves to some other network, on the other hand the home address is remained same. Thus the computing activities based on the IP addresses are not hampered even there is a change in the network. (Raab, 2007) There are several security and QoS considerations. Most of the times mobile nodes use wireless connectivity options. These links are highly susceptible to vulnerabilities and information security risks. The risks may be active replay attacks, eavesdropping etc. These vulnerabilities cannot be eliminated. But use of encryption etc. can help. Tunneling used in MIP has some serious vulnerability. Thus authentication is always needed here. It also used ARP in case of tunneling. But it is hard to implement authentication for ARP. Thus, there will be some inherent vulnerability. (James, 2008) Conclusion In this report VoIP and MIP has been discussed. There is discussion on what are VoIP, MIP along with security, QoS issues and how enterprise networks are using those. References Ahmed, A., Madani, H., Siddiqui, T. (2010). VoIP Performance Management and Optimization. Cisco Press. Ahson, S. A., Ilyas, M. (2008). VoIP Handbook. CRC Press. Alani, M. M. (2014). Guide to OSI and TCP/IP Models. Springer. Blank, A. G. (2006). TCP/IP Foundations. John Wiley Sons. Blank, A. G. (2006). TCP/IP JumpStart. John Wiley Sons. Comer, D. (2006). Internetworking with TCP/IP: Principles, protocols, and architecture. Prentice Hall. Goode, B. (2002). Voice over internet protocol (VoIP). IEEE. Goralski, W. (2009). The Illustrated Network. Morgan Kaufmann. Graziani, R. (2012). IPv6 Fundamentals. Cisco Press. Hagen, S. (2014). IPv6 Essentials. O'Reilly Media, Inc. Held, G. (2002). The ABCs of TCP/IP. CRC Press. James, S. (2008). Mobile Ip: The Internet Unplugged. Pearson . John J. Amoss, D. M. (2007). Handbook of IPv4 to IPv6 Transition. CRC Press. Johnson, D., Perkins, C., Arkko, J. (2004). Mobility support in IPv6. Karas, J., Peschke, R. (2002). TCP/IP Tutorial and Technical Overview. Prentice Hall PTR. Kozierok, C. M. (2005). The TCP/IP Guide. No Starch Press. Li, Q., Jinmei, T., Shima, K. (2010). IPv6 Core Protocols Implementation. Morgan Kaufmann. Loshin, P. (2004). IPv6. Morgan Kaufmann. Mondal, A. S. (2012). Mobile IP. Springer . Norris, M. (2001). Mobile IP Technology for M-business. Artech House. Perkins, C. E. (2005). Mobile IP. Pearson . Porter, T. (2006). Practical VoIP Security. Syngress. Raab, S. (2007). Mobile Ip Technology And Applications. Pearson . Raicu, I., Zeadally, S. (2003). Evaluating IPv4 to IPv6 Transition Mechanisms. IEEE. Reynders, D., Wright, E. (2003). Practical TCP/IP and Ethernet Networking. Newnes. Thermos, P., Takanen, A. (2007). Securing VoIP Networks. Pearson . Wallingford, T. (2005). Switching to VoIP. O'Reilly Media, Inc.

The Problems Caused By Rigorous Security Check Ups

Introduction Security measures in American airports have continued to raise alarms on the way security issues are handled. It is quite relieving to understand that the government and airline companies have continued to step up security operations in the airports to ensure passengers’ safety.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Problems Caused By Rigorous Security Check Ups specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also refreshing to understand that passengers can travel safely without fear of terrorist activities perpetrated against them. Security measures such as travel advisories to countries considered unsafe for American citizens are pretty mandatory. Security surveillance at the airports monitors the inflow and outflow of specific people and products. The intensification of security parameters in American airports has been welcomed by a large section of the American citizens. However, there are so many problems affiliated to these security parameters. These problems are caused by the Advanced Imaging Technology gadgets and pat downs. The bone of contention arises in the invasive approaches both methods employ. This paper tries to analyze the problems these two methods have caused in the American airports. The Problems Caused By Rigorous Security Check Ups The problems caused by the advanced security parameters in major American airports relate to the use of invasive approaches to the passengers’ body. Currently there are two methods being used. The Advanced Imaging Technology employs a machine that scans the entire body of a passenger (West Smith 12). The machine has a private kind of approach to passengers intending to board a flight. The scan is carried out by the TSA thus sparking a lot of controversies. The main reason why security firms are using the AIT is that it is more advantageous than other methods. The advantage of this technology to the older one is th at the new technology can detect both metallic and nonmetallic objects that can form components of an explosive device (Ali 13). The main controversy of this process comes in the area of its private invasion. Since the entire outline of the passenger’s body is viewed, people find it uncomfortable. To make it worse, those who are not comfortable with the complete body scanner do receive a pat-down, a process which also has its own controversy. The essence is that some method of screening has to be used to ensure safety of passengers on board a flight (Airsafe 6). To explain the moral erosion and the health impacts of these security parameters, consider the situation of parents traveling together with their children. They are forced to undergo a complete body scan or a TSA pat down with their children having this idea on their minds. This is because the TSA pat down method includes the physical touch of the hips, the groin and other private body parts by the security personnel. The situation is very embarrassing to the parents and this is one of the reasons why it brings discomfort.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is morally degrading for a person to be touched in their private parts by a person with whom they do not have a moral sexual relationship. The situation also doesn’t suffice to the gays and lesbians who are forced to undergo this rigorous check up done by security personnel of the same sex. The gays and lesbians also have their own rights. Security operations alone should not cause them this discomfort to the least. In the complete body scans by the AIT, the person moves into a private compartment whereby their entire body is screened. The image of the person is then viewed in a remote place by a security official. Many people feel uncomfortable because their entire body outline is exposed. Recent studies have also det ected some aspects of radiation, produced by the scanners, which can be harmful to the human body (Poslad 409-410). Therefore, the other negative effect of body scanners is that they can cause cancer to passengers who travel by plane. Remediation Measures One of the challenges of dealing with this issue is that opposing the already set policy put in place by major stake holders such as security firms is not an easy task. The task is further compounded by the fact that these security firms receive backing from the government. There are so many prime factors to be taken into consideration in order to find the appropriate solutions to this problem. The United States has to find methods that will counter these problems. One of the methods is to device some more advanced technology that can detect explosives and other potentially dangerous objects without exposing the entire body outline (National research council of the national academies138). This will help in dealing with the invasive approaches that make passengers uncomfortable. Americans should also take it as their role in ensuring the corporate social responsibility is enhanced among them. In doing this, terrorists plots can be thwarted beforehand thereby preventing the gross effects of such criminal activities. Answers to Disagreements Recent studies have been able to reveal that many Americans would prefer more rigorous security arguing that compromise of security is quite not an option in the airports. They say that it is better to be frisked so that one’s safety is guaranteed than not to pass through the hassle with an unsecured safety. However, it should be noted that a good policy is one that takes care of the majority as well as addressing the plight of the minority. Whereas it is good for the stakeholders in airline companies to ensure the safety of their passengers, it is also prudent enough to ensure that the methods used do not cause alarming reactions from a section of the public. It is t herefore incumbent that better methods need to be employed that suffice both the majority and the minority so as not to cause an outcry.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Problems Caused By Rigorous Security Check Ups specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequences of Non-Action Should the government and the major stakeholders fail to act on the issue, many Americans may look for other means of traveling that do not require the kind of rigorous security check up that ends up exposing their bodies and making them feel uncomfortable. Rail, sea and road transport are other modes of transport that passengers may contemplate using. Consequences of Action On the other hand, if the major stakeholders find it prudent enough to act, there will be an improvement in service provision at the airports. This will act as counter measure to correct any misdoings and improve the perception of passengers traveling by pla ne. Conclusion It has been noted that the advancement of security parameters at the American airports has been accompanied with its own problems. Many Americans have expressed their displeasure citing discomfort caused by body scans and pat downs. The two methods are rigorous security check ups meant to ensure the security of passengers on board a plane. Due to the problems caused by the scans and pat downs, the concerned stakeholders need to take necessary action to alleviate the plight of the affected. It is incumbent for the government to protect its citizens against harmful radiation caused by the body scans. It is also needful for the major security stakeholders to protect the citizens from moral decay so as to respect individual privacy. Works Cited Airsafe. â€Å"Airport Security Issues.† Airsafe, 23 July 2010. Web. http://www.airsafe.com/issues/security.htm. Ali, Umarah. â€Å"Body Scans in Store for some Travelers,† The Red and Black Publishing Company Inc. No vember 19, 2010. Web. https://www.redandblack.com/news/body-scans-in-store-for-some-travelers/article_1e371ba7-3452-58c8-ad11-3f1c6e6ec3b6.html National Research Council of the National Academies. Protecting Individual Privacy in the Struggle against Terrorists: A Framework for Program Assessment. Washington D.C: The national Academies Press, 2008.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Poslad, Stefan. Ubiquitous Computing: Smart Devices, Environments and Interactions. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons Ltd, 2009. West, Lord Smith, Stephen. Home Affairs Committee: Evidence Counter Terrorism Measures in British Airports. Ninth report of section 2009-10. January, 26 2010. This research paper on The Problems Caused By Rigorous Security Check Ups was written and submitted by user Francis Huffman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Last Day of My Life †English Composition Essay

The Last Day of My Life – English Composition Essay Free Online Research Papers The Last Day of My Life English Composition Essay Everyday there are people coming into this world while there are some people leaving. Sometimes, it makes me think about the life. What’s the meaning of life? People always want to live a meaningful life. But how do we define a â€Å"meaningful† life? I think that everybody would have his own definition of â€Å"meaningful.† Most people work very hard day and night in search of fame and fortune. When they become millionaires eventually, they may think it is enough for their life. But if they had only one day to live, what would they do? Suddenly, their fame and fortune turn out to nothing at all, for they cannot take those things with them when dying. Therefore, they may worry about their possessions and be annoyed even on their last day. It’s not my type of life. I won’t pursue fame and fortune so that when my very day comes, I will have nothing to worry about and can be relieved in the long run. But I cannot be sure when I will leave this world. If the answer is tomorrow, what will I do on the last day of my life? First, I will clean up my room. Some people may think that since I am going to die, what good will it do me? None, actually, but it can mean something to me. After living my life, I may find that all my life was just like chaos, and I won’t leave it in the world. Therefore, I will clean up my room as if I make my life neat and tidy. I want it to be perfect. Second, I want to thank people who mean a lot to me, such as those who have helped me, who have loved me and who I loved, for it was they who gave me the meanings in my life. Then, I will visit many places where I was born, I grew, I studied, I worked, and I lived. Those places can recall my precious memory. I cannot bring anything with me but my memory. At last, I will find a place where nobody can find me. I will be contented if anyone can weep for my death, but it will be too sorrowful for an emotional person like me to see those once happy faces become sad. Therefore, a serene place like seashore will be good. I can lie on the yellow sand, listening the relaxing sound made by waves. I can see the last sunset in my life. It will be a little sentimental. At night, crescent moon will shine on me and the sky will glitter with the myriad stars. With the unremitting waves, sea breeze will blow lightly, brushing through my hair, as if beautiful melody resounds harmoniously. In a state of comfort, I will lose my consciousness gradually and finally lapse into deep sleep. And it will be the finale of my life. In our daily life, we take everything for granted that parents should tale care of us and friends help us without reward. All seems to be natural, but actually it isn’t. They give us so much because we are their beloved. However, people always treasure what they have lost. Don’t be that kind of people. Sometimes, repay our thanks to them and then we won’t have remorse when the last day of our life comes. Research Papers on "The Last Day of My Life" - English Composition EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraTrailblazing by Eric AndersonThe Spring and AutumnNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XMind Travel

Cartoon Channels Essay Example for Free

Cartoon Channels Essay With the advent of satellite broadcasting technology during the mid 1970’s it became possible for Television networks to air their programs all over the world. By the 1980’s, Television established itself as a powerful medium of communication and new strategies were devised by television companies to stay ahead in the game. One such strategy was the development of programmes that targeted specific sections of the community. A few of the television channels decided to focus on children and began developing programmes that would appeal to them. It was to leverage this niche market that channels like Cartoon Network came into existence. It was launched in October 1992 in the US by one of the world’s leading media companies, Turner Broadcasting System. It offered animation programmes from TBS’s extensive library of more than 10,000 Warner Bros, Hanna-Barbera and MGM cartoons. Over the next few years the channel launched in different parts of the globe showing not only their famous cartoons, but also developing original shows. Cartoon Network entered India in October 1995, sharing airtime with Turner Network Television (TNT). As the pioneer in the Indian cartoon and animation market, Cartoon Network quickly gained popularity and had a huge fan base in the metropolitan cities. When Cartoon Network entered India, there were no established players and it was not very difficult for the Network to entrench itself in the minds of the children and register itself as a channel synonymous with cartoons. It established itself very quickly as a major player in the Indian satellite Television market and became a household name. In the 1990’s the entry of other leading children’s channels like Kermit and Nickelodeon created intense competition and Cartoon Network had to rethink their strategy to stay ahead in the game in the Indian cartoon market. The strategy that it worked out was the emphasis on ‘localization’. It localized the content by dubbing its cartoons first in Hindi to appeal to the Hindi-speaking audiences and then taking its localization efforts further it introduced Tamil-dubbed shows in 2000. The first dubbed programme was ‘Toon Tamasha’ and very soon it started offering localized versions of its popular cartoons. Localization is the key to success in television programming. Localizing the content to suit the needs and tastes of the audiences is the key to garner more viewership and television rating points. When Cartoon Network introduced Tamil-dubbed shows, Kathy McClaure, Vice President Programming, Turner Network, Asia, said, â€Å"The bringing in of Tamil-dubbed cartoons is to further reinforce Cartoon Network’s commitment to bring localized programming. † Some of cartoon shows that were dubbed in Hindi and Tamil were Scooby Doo, Flintstones, Swat Kats, The Mask, The Addam’s Family, Johnny Quest and Captain Planet. On account of its growing popularity it started its 24-hour non-stop service in July 2001. The 24-hour service was part of the channels global strategic mission to place cartoons and animation in level with general entertainment that appealed not just to the children but to the adults also. Today the appeal of cartoon network is not just to children between 4 and 14 years, but also to the teenagers and adults who constitute 30 to 40% of the channel’s viewership. Cartoon Network in India is the most popular cartoon dedicated television channel in India. Chutti TV was launched on April 19, 2007 and is a 24-hour Tamil language television channel owned by the Sun Network. It is Sun TV Network’s first ever television channel for kids. The target audiences are children aged between 3 and 14. It is a free-to-air channel available on most local cable television networks. It broadcasts cartoon shows of foreign countries and networks translated into Tamil. Some of the famous and most popular shows are Jackie Chan, He-Man, Astro Boy, Avatar, Dora the Explorer, Bob Morane, Lucky Luke, Spider Man, Bumba and Danny & Daddy. Disney XD or Disney Channel is another famous cartoon channel and it telecasts cartoons like The Donald Duck Show, Dennis and Gnasher and television shows like Shararat Karishma Ka Karishma, Shaka Laka Boom Boom and many more. The Donald Duck Show is based on the typical Mickey Mouse Series and there are other shows like Chip and Dale, The Rescue Rangers and Dennis the Menance. POGO is a cable and satellite television channel created by Turner Broadcsting, a unit of Time Warner for India, which primarily shows animated programming. It was launched in January 2004 as a children’s entertainment hannel like its sister channel Cartoon Network and its primary target audience is children aged 3+ to young adults aged up to 40. Pogo airs in multiple languages in India. The channel carries a number of popular animated shows as well as live action shows. Turner produces exclusive shows for Pogo under the brand name Pogo Originals. The Music Art and Dance show M. A. D. is India’s No. 1 do-it-yourself show. A super-hit 2D animated series is ‘Chhota Bheem’ which won the Best Animated TV series award at the ‘Golden Cursor Awards 2009 held in Mumbai. Chhota Bheem is produced by Green Gold Animation, Hyderabad. Cartoon Channels. (2018, Oct 16).

H.W Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

H.W - Assignment Example This paper will discuss whether it is ethical for managers to control their employees. The major role of a manager is to coordinate the team of employees so that they achieve the organizational goals. Human beings have a nature of working under pressures, and hence, every manager must ensure that the employees have certain set goals. Setting goals for employee is ethically acceptable in business management as it is a measure to maximize productivity. The managing director has the role of ascertaining that his/her employees are working to the required standards and hence must control their mode of operation (Snell, & Bohlander, 52). Controlling the employees to ensure that they deliver work and service of a high standard is ethical and is not a form of exploitation. However, some managers tend to overload their employees with duties that are not meant for them. In such cases, managers are exploiting their employees and it is unethical as per the management codes of practice. Reward programs are meant to be a form of motivation to the employees by ensuring that there are happy at their workplaces (Snell, & Bohlander, 47). However, some managers set extremely high levels of production in order for their employees to receive the rewards. Such acts are a form of manipulation to employees. In conclusion, the function of a manager is to control and coordinate the other employees and hence it is not a form of

Human Resources in action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resources in action - Essay Example One of the main processes in the recruitment process is the selection process. The Selection process refers to the exercise of matching an organization requirement with the right skills and qualification of the people. The paper will identify two of the sources that Four Season Hotel can use to recruit the right candidate for a front desk receptionist position and the step that can be used to ensure the best candidate is selected. There are two main method of recruitment available to Four Season Hotel; one, the hotel can advertise the position to the existing employees. Another method that the hotel can use is the external source, for example, posting on job portals. Both methods have advantages and drawbacks. First, advertising the Front desk receptionist position to the existing employees is cheaper and less time-consuming (Catano, Fitzgerald, Hackett, Wiesner, & Methot, 2009). Companies spend a lot of money on advertisement for new positions. The Hotel will drastically reduce this cost since the information can be easily circulated in the organization. The Hotel also has a unique culture and hence hiring an existing employee drastically reduces the in job training costs. Hiring the existing employees, ensure that the organization culture is maintained. It is of paramount importance for the employee to give personalized services to the guests and treat them with respect and dignity. And given the front desk receptionist will be welcoming and handling the guest most of the time, it is vital the receptionist to have good understanding of the company. Not only does internal advertising maintains organization culture but also builds a strong relationship among employees. It also motivates the employees. Internal hiring will ensure that the employees build a strong relationship with themselves and management. The hotel mission and vision statements will be well understood by the employees. Furthermore, the employees are motivated to work hard so that

Federal Government on Public School Curriculum Essay Example for Free

Federal Government on Public School Curriculum Essay Education is the one which build the molders of the society. It has been one of the major issues tackled during election campaigns and debates. Of all the issues in governance and in leading the nation, federal role in education receives less attention. The federal programs that exist in our country are lacking the ability to meet the standards that would qualify for a world quality yet government-funded education. In the educational system history, less help come from the federal government that worsens the scenario of schools specially those that are considered public. Aside from the role of the federal government in funding education particularly public schools, it is also important for the federal government to make sure that the curriculum be in its world quality standards of learning. The curriculum guides an educational system to be in its right path to reach the proper knowledge and learning. However, the Federal government was prohibited to control education under the General Education Provisions Act of April 18,1970 that was cited at 20USC(52)I §3921 of the Education Security Act of August 11, 1984. This prohibition is followed by the Controlled Substance Act that prohibits all professional competence in drug control. Another prohibition is the non-sponsorship of the federal government of any kind of testing that is provided for and enacted by law. Consequently, these prohibitions make the responsibility left behind with the States. Each States should have their own means of providing education to their respective youths. The congress had legislated an unconstitutional attitude that pertains to such education that prohibits good governance. This also limits the freedom of speech and freedom of the press. The exclusion of the federal government is not applicable at this time and thus, many (including those in the congress) suggest giving the proper education aid as soon as it should be. As an improvement, Former President George W. Bush passed â€Å"The No Child Left behind Act of 2001† which intends to increase the federal government’s support and involvement to education was legalized. The Federal government together with the US Department of Education should allow the idea of a national curriculum for public schools. In this way, the State and local educational offices will only maintain and enforce the standards without even evaluating the curriculum. The Department of Education upon their approval of national curriculum should always have their assessment at each half of the year to make sure that the standards for curriculum are well enforced. Reference ERIC.Government and the Public School Curriculum. Retrieved April 3, 2009 @http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true_ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ270398ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=noaccno=EJ270398

The Not-So-Honest Man in The Fifty-Dollar Bill :: Fifty-Dollar Bill Essays

The Not-So-Honest Man in The Fifty-Dollar Bill  Ã‚        Ã‚   The main character in Donald Hall’s "The Fifty-Dollar Bill" has spent most of his life trying to live up to his honest reputation. When he is accused of trying to bribe a person at the Judge Advocate General’s office, he tries to convince himself and everyone else that it was just an "unfortunate coincidence" (Hall 958). However, the evidence shows that it was more than just a coincidence and that his actions were intentional. The narrator goes out of his way to prove to us that he is a honest man. He contrasts himself with other lawyers who "live on intimate terms with dishonesty" (Hall 957). While he prides himself on being honest, the narrator has a deep obsession with his honesty; it seems he will do anything to live up to his reputation. In the first paragraph, he says "I call myself an honest man," not I am an honest man. By his choice of words he demonstrates a lack of confidence in his honesty. You don’t have to be truly honest, in order to call yourself honest. The narrator begins defending his actions long before we know that he did anything wrong. In the second paragraph, he claims "I had no intention of avoiding service to my country and I expected . . . to go into the office of the judge advocate general in June, 1942" (Hall 957). By telling us this early on he gets us on his side. We now are more likely to believe that he would never try to bribe his way out of being drafted. He also makes sure that we know he was in a hurry when he mailed the letter, which makes a mix-up seem more possible. By setting up his defense so early he shows that he has a real need to be defended. Once we know what he did wrong, his defense begins to look like Swiss cheese; it has a lot of holes in it. He and his wife used the $500.00, that they received as a wedding present, during the summer of 1941. They stopped using the money "When school started in the fall," probably close to the beginning of September (Hall 958). It’s hard to believe that in four months a man who had been in college and law school for six years, would actually forget about an envelope that he had used at least nine times over the previous summer—much less an envelope that had money in it.

Crane and Human Ideals Essay

Stephen Crane’s short story, â€Å"The Open Boat† (1894) shows a microcosm of social interdependency, which is set against the back-drop of the natural world. The story, at its most basic root, could be considered a â€Å"man vs. nature† story, or an adventure story with the sea as a symbol for nature’s essential neutrality and indifference to human life and human aspiration. Given this central tension in the story, it is important to recognize that Crane, rather than pitting an heroic protagonist against the trial against an indifferent nature, chose to express the heroic capacity of a group of individuals acting in concert for their mutual survival. In this way, the story becomes less about the indifference of nature and more about the ability of human society to function as a â€Å"buffer† against nature and a construct which gives not only a degree of safety, but meaning, to human existence. In order to establish the conflict between humanity and nature, as well as to introduce the persistent idea of communal support, Crane begins the story with the words â€Å"†None of them knew the color of the sky† (Crane, 728); while the opening words convey a sense of mystery and danger, they also convey at the same time, a firm understanding on the reader’s behalf that nature has become alien to the characters in the story and that it is â€Å"them† rather than nay particular individual with whom the story will be concerned. The following description of the men who are banded together in a dinghey after a shipwreck informs the reader that Crane, is in fact, determined to offer a social microcosm in order to represent, as fully as possible within the limited confines of the short-story form, the urgency and importance that the communal identity described in the story extends to all walks of life and all levels of society. By the time the entire story has been studied, the alert reader realizes that not only the makeshift crew of the boat itself, which is comprised of the wounded captain of the sunken ship, an oiler, a cook, and a correspondent, but the cast of the story altogether — represents a typical Western society at all levels: men and women, workers and executives, thinkers and â€Å"doers† as well as the lucky and†¦ unlucky. Both life and death figure prominently in the struggle which is described in the story — with the ability to distinguish between the two an immediate threat which faces the crew of the dinghey. In order to establish the utter despair of being cut-off from the protection of human society (symbolized by the sunken ship) and left to the devices of uncontrolled and unchecked nature (symbolized by the sea and its wildlife), Crane describes the motion of the dinghey, which can be thought of as a makeshift society, in words which can only be interpreted as showing a descent from social order to the chaos and indifference of nature: † A seat in this boat was not unlike a seat upon a bucking broncho[†¦ ]the craft pranced and reared, and plunged like an animal† (Crane, 728). Additionally, Crane offers a description of the men’s view of the sea from atop one of the great waves, just before the corresponding plunge: â€Å"The crest of each of these waves was a hill, from the top of which the men surveyed, for a moment, a broad tumultuous expanse; shining and wind-riven. It was probably splendid. It was probably glorious, this play of the free sea, wild with lights of emerald and white and amber† (Crane, 729). The word â€Å"probably† in this description is the key to injecting the sinister and simultaneously indifferent pose of nature to the men trapped in the dinghey. In order to drive his point regarding the indifference of nature even more fully home, Crane creates an image which is at once ironic and dramatic; an image which fills the reader with dread and a sense of the absurd all at once. By describing the gulls who flew nearby the drifting craft and showing their ease in the very element which threatened to destroy the men aboard the dinghey, Crane creates a genuinely masterful symbol to demonstrate nature’s indifference to humanity when he describes that a gull â€Å"came, and evidently decided to alight on the top of the captain’s head† (Crane, 729). This image is ironic and compelling and is Crane’s most obvious articulation of his theme that is given in the story. Against the backdrop of indifferent nature, none of the men aboard the dinghey as individuals is able to perform a rescue plan or find some heroic solution to their problem. Rather, by increments and by working together, the men eventually begin to regain a sense of determination, which ultimately rises to the level of hope and then — action. The mutual support of the men is the heroic aspect of the story: â€Å"They were a captain, an oiler, a cook, and a correspondent, and they were friends, friends in a more curiously iron-bound degree than may be common† (Crane, 729). This quite optimistic notion is meant to establish human society as a whole (as expressed through the microcosm of the â€Å"open boat†) as both a necessity and a natural outgrowth of human capacity. In other words, the men are out of their element (unlike the gulls) when pitted against the open sea, but in their element — which is human society — they can meet the test which confronts them. Humanity is meant to build mutually sustaining communities and societies just as gulls are meant to float on open ocean waves. In the long run, the tension between nature and man which is created at the beginning of the story finds fulfilling closure in the story’s post-climax where Crane writes â€Å"the white waves paced to and fro in the moonlight, and the wind brought the sound of the great sea’s voice to the men on shore, and they felt that they could then be interpreters† (Crane, 740). The closure of the story suggests — not a tension or conflict between man and nature — but a resolution through nature — human nature — to the discord offered in the story’s rising action. In other words, man by following his nature to be a social animal, and only by following this impulse, can be as harmoniously at home in the world, despite the indifference of nature, as a seagull which also accepts its rightful place in the natural order. Works Cited Crane, Stephen. â€Å"The Open Boat,† Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library (1999); accessed 2-1-09; http://www2. lib. virginia. edu/etext/index. html

Critical Essay by Juda Smith Essay

I think the nether grave is the best story, because it’s very relatable. Majority of kids get bullied and or go through a bad time at least once in their life, so they either find ways to escape it or lie to people about how â€Å"good† their life is so nobody knows how bad it actually it. People connect more with things they can relate too. Fact. But, ‘†A Sound of Thunder† is a better story that can be classified as science fiction because it has something to do with time travel, dinosaurs, and history. â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† fits into the science fiction category because it’s based on time travel, dinosaurs ruling the Earth, and staying on the correct path so he doesn’t â€Å"change the course of history†. Those are all science related things so that’s the science part. It’s fiction because its fact but science related. No one can go back in time or change the course of history that’s where the fict ion comes into play. In the story â€Å"nether grave† it’s harder to classify it as science fiction, because it’s not like it has something to do with time travel or dinosaurs, but it does have to do with gaming and leaving behind his own life to be a jaguar in a video game life. It does have to with people and how their life effects their life decisions which is science. It’s fiction because people can’t trade in their bad life to be in a video game. In the story â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† he uses sensory imagery, which uses very descriptive words to evoke images of sight, sounds, feelings, touch, and smells. In the first line, the protagonist swallows and they tell us about the â€Å"muscles around his mouth† and he waves his hand, while in the background there comes a â€Å"sound like a gigantic bonfire.† In the story the nethergrave it was hard to tell you were in another world because of the lack of detail. They didn’t give you a time period too, so there isn’t really to relate to besides the fact that it’s about a boy who uses his computer to hide and lie about his life. The theme in the story â€Å"A sound of thunder† you have to stay on the correct path in life or it will go all wrong. The plans you thought you had will change and everything will be challenging and hard. In the stor y the â€Å"Nether grave†, the theme of the story I believe it is when you feel like your life is bad, don’t go on trying to hide what’s going on. I think the first story has the best theme â€Å"A sound of thunder† because it is true. If you don’t stay on the correct paths of life and associate yourself with good people, your life and plans  can all change. You can’t have the both of best worlds.

Future of East Timor

Future of East Timor Free Online Research Papers A nation rich with oil, but poor from to poverty. Lying just off the coast of Australia and south of the Philippines is East Timor. East Timor not only brings to mind a state that was once Indonesia’s but also a place where unpleasant human rights violations take place since before the referendum held in 1999. The lack of resources and the high level of illiteracy is worrying. However, this should not dampen our enthusiasm and the will to overcome underdevelopment. (by Xanana Gusmao) The Leaders of East Timor are determined to create developed, modern nation. East Timor has the potential to becoming a prosperous nation, since it is a developing, emerging nation furthermore; its future is capable of becoming ideal with lots of time, work, and patients required. East Timor will become a prosperous nation if it fixes problems that it currently has. Timor will grow to becoming a more modern nation and a developed nation over a long period of time. East Timor is very far behind becoming a developed nation. It may lack many aspects of a modern nation, but hope will always reside in the heart of the country, the people. Many civilians wonder whether the country can come up to the standards of a modern nation. â€Å"East Timor has many problems that should be solved immediately† (by Xanana Gusmao). Prime Minister Xanana Gusmao feels that the hard earned independence of East Timor is not the only step to becoming a modern nation. East Timor has many flaws such as theft, health, weaponry for war, civil people, and worst of all the declining economy. Theses flaws that Timor has, must be solved for the good of the nation. Many of these problems can easily be solved by having a proper legal system. East Timor can also become a prosperous nation if it involves laws, and a judicial system. Timor must become civil and up to the standard of any modern nation therefore, it must start obeying to what the government asks of them, but the path to success is a tough one. Trying to pursue justice over crimes against humanity can bring about democracy. Without laws or justice, people would do whatever they want with no control therefore the nation would not be able to grow. Timor needs a system, without a system an ideal future will remain a durable task to over come. Since East Timor is starting out fresh as a new nation, it has the ability to correct itself on their path to modernization; it can see the mistakes that other nations have made on their path to modernization, and those mistakes can be avoided by Timor. East Timor is a very poor country with barely any business because they are so isolated and they are worried of other conflict similar to the conflict with Indonesia. East Timor has the opportunity to becoming a wealthy nation if it wasn’t so isolated. â€Å"Our people need money, †¦ They need to sell their products. They need to have money to send their kids to school and start improving their daily lives.† (by Xanana Gusmao) This is a clear avowal for a much needed working economic system. East Timor is a very poor country with very little to live on; It also lacks laws and justice. The living standard of families in East Timor is usual low but the population is growing at an incontinent rate. Each family may have up to 8 children on average consequently; the family must have more money to send their kids to school for them to be literate and able to start business not only for themselves but business between nations, which may lessen the isolation of Timor. Once it is free from isolation, commercial trade can boost the economic standard of the country for an improved living standard. Right now East Timor is facing an oil crusade for who get to rightfully own the oil which, in the hands of East Timor is a major component for East Timor’s ideal future. To sum up, life in East Timor is difficult, and complicated, but failure is not a reason to give up. Once a judicial system is intact East Timor stands a chance at modernization. Isolation is another key reason for not being able to move forward, because without aid from other countries at this time that East Timor needs it, Timor will not be given a head start. Without trying Timor will never succeed, and the sooner people in East Timor realize this, the sooner Timor can become a modern and prosperous nation. Research Papers on Future of East TimorAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andCapital PunishmentStandardized TestingInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

U.S. government policies on economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U.S. government policies on economy - Essay Example Student loans Student loans in America are a form of financial assistance that are supposed to be refunded, converse to other forms of financial assistance, for example, grants and loans. Student loans play an extremely significant role in the higher education of America. Approximately 20 million American citizens go to college every year. In America, a large part of higher education is financed by learners and their families and is perceived to be a venture instead of a basic human liberty. Consequently, students usually graduate with augmented debt levels. Also, student loans are divided into private student loans and federal loans (Wear Simmons, 2008). The Survey of Consumer Finances, 2010, indicates that 45% of all households have significant student-loan debts. This has a negative impact on the economy and productivity. Student loans have diminished the quality of my life. If I successfully meet the debt to income ratio, I may not have the capacity to reserve sufficient funds fo r a deposit. The Center for Responsible Lending estimates that average-income households take approximately 20 years to make sufficient savings for a 10% down payment. I may also take longer to save for a down payment due to additional financial requirements. There are a number of recommendations to address this issue. One is promote extensive adoption of the college scorecard by postsecondary-education institutes. Another recommendation is to establish a properly designed refunding program for students who borrow loans. It is also imperative to incorporate private student loans under bankruptcy protection. Free Trade Free trade is a policy by which the administration does not interfere with exports or discriminate against imports by enforcing subsidies to exports or tariffs to imports or quotas. In the view of comparative advantage, free trade policy allows trading partners equal advantages from trade of services and goods. Free trade has governed prices which are as a consequence of government intervention in the economy through supply restraints or price adjustments (Pugel, 2007). Free trade has improved the quality of my life. For instance, if tariffs on imported sugar are reduced in America, the American manufacturers will receive lower prices and profits while I and other consumers will spend less for an identical amount of sugar due to the similar decreased prices. It also avails numerous items with relative ease. Recommendations include developing additional programs, for example, the trade Adjustment Assistance program which assists those who lose their manufacturing positions due to foreign imports. Nations with dissimilar advantages should be permitted to capitalize on their differences and trade. Research and Development Industry finances two-thirds of America’s research and development. Nonetheless, significant researches are performed by research universities. The federal government developed the foundation for the Nation’s land gra nt institution through the Morrill Acts 4. The federal government support for research and development has developed into a changing and complex web. This has impacted the investment patterns, the economy, and productivity of America (National Science Board, 2008). Research and development has enhanced the quality of life. The fast change has helped me monitor and understand the position of the country in research and development competitiveness. It has also helped me to discover what essential information may be lacking that would give correct examination of the country’

Recession-Proof Investments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Recession-Proof Investments - Essay Example They are people who take calculated risks and believe in identifying areas that are going to do well even in such turbulent times rather than just acting on gut feeling and going for the venture (Kirby, 2010).This calculated risk-taking ability has enabled many people to transform their lives and today the world knows them as some of the most successful entrepreneurs of this era, this ability entails that one keenly studies the sectors that are going to do well even in such turbulent times and have a good measure of what the market is going to do in the near future and then set out on the new business venture. Â  One such industry that has been identified is that of the health care, because this is one industry that is an absolute necessity for the masses, recession or no recession people are going to get sick and there is no way that once a person is sick he or she is going to put off the medical expenditure because it is not humanly possible to do so, the fact of the matter is that people might not go for regular checkups and annual comprehensive tests and checkups but people will get sick and they will need medical health care facilities (McNutt, 2009). This is where there is an opening for the keen entrepreneur because it is an absolute necessity the risk of this venture failing is quite low and with a business plan based on the necessities of people it is always going to be successful provided the sector has been studied with immense care.

The various economic concepts linked with the public policies and Essay

The various economic concepts linked with the public policies and income taxes - Essay Example This paper discusses that in U.S., the usage of local property taxes in financing school education has been criticized as unconstitutional, which generates inequalities in public education expenditures across states. The reason for this is as those districts that have larger property tax bases per pupil, can generate any amount of revenue from lower tax rates as compared to those districts having smaller tax bases. Therefore, it is easier for rich jurisdictions to raise revenue for public education than the poor jurisdictions. The State of Virginia finances the public schools through a combination of federal, state and local funds. Also, there is contribution of private sector through partnerships with schools and their divisions. State’s General Assembly is responsible for apportionment of state’s funds for public education, through Appropriations Act. The sources of funds are retail sales, state lottery proceeds, tax revenues and other sources. The Constitution of Vir ginia requires the Board of Education (BOE) to prepare SOQ (Standards of Quality) for public schools. SOQ is the minimum school educational program, the divisions must provide. The General Assembly revises SOQ, determines SOQ costs and apportions these costs between localities and state. Funding on a per pupil basis is provided through the accounts of basic aid, career and technical education, special education, English as a second language, remedial summer school, fringe benefits for funded positions and sales tax of 1.125% for public education... Funding on a per pupil basis is provided through the accounts of basic aid, career and technical education, special education, English as a second language, remedial summer school, fringe benefits for funded positions and sales tax of 1.125% for public education (Virginia DOE, 2011). Answer 2: Population & Per Capita Taxes The annual average cost per police officer is $30,000 for a small town. The population of the town is 1,000. The per capita cost of employing a police officer is $30. $30,000 ? 1,000 = $30 Table 1 shows the declining per capita cost of one police officer and increasing per capita taxes. The reason of such phenomenon can be understood as the population increases (column 1) and the costs per police officer remains stable the per capita costs will decline as the same costs can be assigned to increased number of people (column 3). Also, with the increase in population, the total tax collection will increase, although the per capita taxes will remain the same (column 7) if the tax rate is constant (column 6). The assumed tax rate is 30%. The costs of police officers are assumed to be financed by the revenues from taxes. Therefore, the remaining per capita taxes have increased with declining costs of per capita costs of police officer (column 8). Figure 1 shows the graphical presentation of these results. Table 1: Per Capita Taxes & Costs of Police Officer Figure 1 Answer 3: Valuation of Land Table 2: Market Price Calculation Rent Annuity $10,000.00 Market Rate of Interest 10% Market Price of Land $100,000.00 Â   Â   Property Tax 5% Annual Tax Value $5,000.00 After-Tax Market Value of Land $50,000.00 The market price of the land is calculated as ratio of the annual rent in perpetuity and the market interest rate. The market price

The Emergence of New Consumer Culture and Its Effect During the Turn-of-the-Century Essay Example for Free

The Emergence of New Consumer Culture and Its Effect During the Turn-of-the-Century Essay The Emergence of New Consumer Culture and Its Effect during the Turn-Of-The-Century Period People living in the period from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century witnessed a huge industrial change in American society. This change led to the â€Å"opening up of huge factories, the development of electricity in the 1880s which augmented factories more than ever, the revolution in mass communication, the invention of telephone, the construction of railroads, the incredible rise of population with the rushing of immigrants into this country† (Cassuto and Eby, 2004, p. -3). More importantly, this turn-of-the-century period marked the emergence and the development of mass production and consumption, which was considered as a new kind of culture that bore fantasy to many people, especially women of all different classes, at that time. Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945), an American novelist, and Kathy Peiss, a history professor at University of Pennsylvania, are both interested in this aspect of change in the society. As a result, they both published works to depict the inner lives of Americans in response to this change. Sister Carrie and Cheap Amusements are two best representations for their works. Interestingly, through reading those two novels, readers can easily tell that both Dreiser and Peiss pay more attention to young working class women when examining the new consumer culture. Sister Carrie is a novel written by Theodore Dreiser and published in 1900. Through this novel, he told readers a story about a girl named Carrie Meeber who was born into a poor family and came to Chicago to make her American dreams come true. There, she stepped into a struggle in the society where people’s social statuses were recognized through the items they had on themselves. It can be said that consumerism developed and played an important key in each of the American life from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century. It cannot be denied that mass consumerism is a good indicator of the development of the industry of the country; however, consumerism indirectly makes the gap between the rich and the poor become much bigger. Production of goods definitely needs consumers. But not everybody can afford those goods. Consequently, just by looking at these goods, people could distinguish the poor from the rich and vice versa. In other words, social classes at that time were categorized based on material things. Coming from a small rural town and a poor family, the young girl Carrie was totally fantasized by the mass consumerism world she was entering in. There, she got the chance that she never had before to experience what the modern American culture looked like. Specifically, she got the chance to see what were called â€Å"genuine† products such as â€Å"real† shoes, â€Å"real† bags, and â€Å"real† clothes. Of course, she knew that these products were totally different from her outfit on her way to Chicago that â€Å"consisted of a small trunk, a cheap imitation alligator-skin satchel, a small lunch in a paper box, and a yellow leather snap purse† (Dreiser, 1982, p. 3). And just like any other young poor girls, Carrie could not resist the temptations coming from these â€Å"genuine† products. She felt jealous of higher class women who could afford enticing objects that she always dreamt of. Those kinds of feelings provoked her endless human desires. When Carrie first came to Chicago and looked for a job in a department store, she was mesmerized by â€Å"the dainty slippers and stockings, the delicately frilled skirts and petticoats, the laces, ribbons, haircombs, purses† (Dreiser, 1982, p. 23). And even when her life got better, her obsession with clothing did not cease. Instead, it was built up: Fine clothes to her were a vast persuasion; they spoke tenderly and Jesuitically for themselves. When she came within earshot of their pleading, desire in her bent a willing ear. The voice of the so-called inanimate! Who shall translate for us the language of the stones? My dear,† said the lace collar she secured from the Partridge’s, â€Å"I fit you beautifully; don’t give me up. † â€Å"Ah, such little feet,† said the leather of the soft new shoes; â€Å"how effectively I cover them. What a pity they should ever want my aid. † (Dreiser, 1982, p. 106) In other words, it is the consumer culture that led Carrie to ambition for a luxurious life. The more the consumer culture developed, the more ambitious Carrie got. Indeed, Carrie left her sister, the only person she knew in Chicago to move in with Drout, a stranger she talked to in the street. The reason behind is that she got so tired of the life in which all the money she made was just merely enough to pay for the rent of her sister’s house. She could not even afford a pair of shoes for herself. She was unsatisfied with the life that suppressed her from good clothes and decided to challenge her fate. But Carrie refused to work hard; instead, she chose to use Drout as a tool for her to get things she wanted in life. Later, she was disappointed when she found out that Drout was not â€Å"genuinely† rich. She then got into an affair with Hurtswood, a married manager of a saloon in Chicago. She had high hopes that this guy could bring her a wealthy and stable life because Hurtswood did not look as â€Å"fake† as Drout. Unfortunately, one day Hurtswood collapsed. Carrie recognized that Hurtswood was not a reliable source of wealth for her anymore. She left him and continued her path of chasing after luxury by becoming an actress. So it can be concluded that Carrie manipulated both Drout and Hurtswood to climb up her life ladder. Here, Dreiser attacked on the materialism, the key character of this turn-of-the-century period. According to Dreiser, materialism destroyed what is called â€Å"humanity† at that time. Through the character Carrie, Dreiser indirectly criticized the society in which the mass production and consumption took control for bringing down the values of morality and ethics. He said, â€Å"not evil, but longing for that which is better, more often directs the steps of the erring. Not evil, but goodness often allures the feeling mind unused to reason† (Dreiser, 1982, p. 256). The â€Å"coldness† of the consumer culture is also represented through other characters in Sister Carrie. The revolution in industry and technology put pressure on each of the individual so that they had no choice but lived coldly and heartlessly. In order to survive, the relationship between family members, friends, and strangers meant nothing. Carrie’s sister and her husband took away almost all of the money Carrie earned to pay for the rent of their house. They did not even care about their younger sister when she left them and lived with a stranger. Meanwhile, to Hurtswood, his wife Julia was nothing more than a means of creating the illusion of a happy marriage, which in some ways consolidated his social status in front of other people. Another key feature of the consumer culture is that clothing was considered as an indispensable confidence booster. Carrie believed that material could bring her happiness. For an instance, Carrie assumed people living happily just by material things she saw: She imagined that across these richly carved entrance-ways, where the globed and crystalled lamps shone upon paneled doors set with stained and designed panes of glass, was neither care nor unsatisfied desire. She was perfectly certain that here was happiness. (Dreiser, 1982, p. 122) It can be inferred that in Carrie’s eyes, people without good clothes were living miserable lives. This explains for the fact that Carrie did not show any reluctance when she left her sister to move in with Drout or when she got into the affair with Hurtswood. Impressed by their appearances, Carrie regarded them as her superiors. In the first chapters of the novel, Dreiser carefully portrayed Drout in the way through which readers can easily recognize the impact it would leave upon Carrie: His suit was of a striped and crossed pattern of brown wool, new at that time, but since become familiar as a business suit. The low crotch of the vest revealed a stiff bosom of white and pink stripes (Dreiser, 1982, p. 4) Without this outfit, Drout would be nothing. Apparently, human values during that period were all about material things, especially clothing. In the consumer culture, clothing is the sign for not only for happiness but also beauty and success as well. Kathy Peiss, in her book Cheap Amusements, illustrates different forms of leisure activities of young working class women in New York from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. Even though clothing and department stores are not as focused in this book as in Sister Carrie, Peiss is somehow still able to express her attitudes towards the rise of mass produced clothing. She shares Dreiser’s perspective in the sense that clothing characterizes identity, â€Å"It was in leisure that women played with identity, trying on new images and roles, appropriating the cultural forms around them clothing, music, language to push at the boundaries of immigrant, working-class life† (Peiss, p. 2). Just like Carrie, young working class women in Cheap Amusements believed that expensive clothes could really change their fates, at least making them feel like they belonged to a higher class and washing off the dirt coming from their poverty. Peiss wrote, â€Å"For newly arrived immigrants, changing one’s clothes was the first step in securing a new status in America† (Peiss, p. 63). Again, Peiss emphasizes on the strong correlation between the appear ance and social status in the consumer culture. In conclusion, both Dreiser and Peiss use their words to convey their disagreements about the American society during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Consumer culture, besides speeding up the development of the society at that time, caused people a lot of sufferings from their â€Å"unceasing voice of want† which dominated their â€Å"voice of conscience† in most cases. As a result, morality and ethics became overshadowed by materialism.